Author: Green Feat
Source: articledashboard.com
One fascinating project I have been keeping tabs on since the late 1990's is a company founded in France but now based in Spain by the name of MDI. Founded, hydrogen car, by a former race car technician named Guy Negre who's impetus for his invention came from his background in racing.
MDI has created a high performance Auto mobile that runs completely on compressed air, hydrogen car, technology. In comparison to traditional gas powered engines, the compressed air based technology is infinitely superior in regards to energy used and thermodynamics.
More information regarding the MDI Air Car:
The technology for an air-powered motor has been around for a number of years however Mr Negre has perfected it and readied it to be fully commercialized on a worldwide scale. The 2 main benefits, hydrogen car, of this, hydrogen car, technology are fuel savings for the driver, and the beneficial environmental, hydrogen car, impact it will have could be astounding. It seems that these Air-Powered, hydrogen car, racers are ready to take the world by storm.
Unlike electric, hybrid or hydrogen powered vehicles, the AirCar isn't high-priced and doesn't have a limited range as many detractors have claimed. MDI vehicles are quite affordable and feature a level of efficiency that equates favorably with currently available eco-cars. To sum up, the MD AirCars are non-expensive and feature a minimal environmental footprint, and are uncomplicated to get around cities in.
The MDI AirCar operates on a safe fuel source(compressed air) that doesn't pose a fire or explosive hazard, does not emit toxic gases and hydrocarbons, is fun to drive and reliable. They, hydrogen car, plan to release 2 versions initially, a 6 passenger sedan call the CityCat for $16,000 and a smaller 3 seat commuter-car for around $10,000
The way the AirCar works is that an electric pump forces compressed air into a storage tank, the compressed air is then let out to force the movement of pistons to rotate the drive, hydrogen car, shaft of the vehicle, similar to a standard gasoline engine process. If driving a top speed, the AirCar has a limited range of about 50 miles, but can be stretched out if driving at a lower rate. They are also working on hybrid models that have an unlimited range like a regular automobile. These models will, hydrogen car, run on a combination of compressed air and fuels such as bio-fuel, gas or diesel. Somewhat more expensive, but capable of greater speeds and distance. The Air-only models satisfy the needs of most city drivers.
The single energy powerplants will be, hydrogen car, available in both Minicats and Citycats. These engines have been developed for urban center usage, where the upper limit speed, hydrogen car, is 50 km/h and where MDI thinks polluting will before long be forbidden. It is already conceivable to see cases of this in various places, such as London, where if you decide to go into the city center with gas powered automobiles, you must pay a fee.
All MDI, hydrogen car, automobiles will have the option of being equipped with a hybrid engine, which has been added so the vehicle can be driven longer distances as well as city driving. When the car is taken out of the city at speeds over 50km/h the engine will switch over to the fuel burning source, but when in a city driving below 50, it will work exclusively on air. The dual source engine will be able to use gasoline, diesel, ethanol or, hydrogen car, alcohol as it's combustion source.
Both power plants will be available with 2, 4 and 6 cylinders, once the air tanks are discharged the driver will be able to alternate between fuel, hydrogen car, mode, thanks to the car's on board data processor.
The cost to the Environment? According to MDI the only exhaust that pushes through of the tail pipe is cold air on the Air-only models.
Showing posts with label government. Show all posts
Showing posts with label government. Show all posts
Monday, November 23, 2009
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
Economics of Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Author: Aaron Schwartz
Source: articleage.com
Hydrogen is the most perspective, hydrogen car, energy source to be used in future probably and thus economics of hydrogen fuel cells is quite an important issue today. This paper targets the above issue and considers the following aspects: opportunity cost factors, supply and demand, role of government and impact on USA taxes concerned with economics of hydrogen fuel cells. United States of America is the largest energy consumer in the world - it spent hundreds billion dollars on oil production and consumption,, hydrogen car, research and innovation in order to provide energy supply for the nation. But this money could be spent for the rapid research of hydrogen fuel cells and possibly give a good result in the form of cheap and effective technologies. This is an example of opportunity cost or the cost of a forgone, hydrogen car, opportunity. Of course it is very difficult to make a more or less, hydrogen car, precise assessment of the opportunity cost concerning the oil and hydrogen energy sources in financial terms and that is why such, hydrogen car, assessment is not used in economics. But why is opportunity cost issue is so important and why it is raised ultimately? To answer these questions it is necessary to understand that growing needs of our society can not be satisfied because of lack of resources. Modern technologies allow to produce energy by extracting oil from the deepest, hydrogen car, entrails and of course such production, hydrogen car, is more expensive. Despite of growing prices on energy the demand grows also and increased demand increases prices even more. One day most people just could not afford using oil as a primary source of energy and it, hydrogen car, will result in economic crisis if another energy sources would not be mastered. For this reason scientists search new energy sources taking into consideration its price, availability and cleanness. Demand on one or another energy source depends on consumers' income, tastes, wealth, inflationary expectations and future expectations. It means that hydrogen will be purchased only by those people who can afford it, who like it (from the point of ecology, convenience, prevalence etc), who need it (e.g. to fill up a car powered by hydrogen) etc. If there would be, hydrogen car, a clear and marked trend to use hydrogen as the energy of future the demand would also increase because people would buy hydrogen powered cars and need fuel. Supply of hydrogen is affected by the following non-price factors: availability of resources and production techniques - if technology would be not too expensive but effective and based on the resources which are available in abundance then supply will be significant and vice versa; taxes and subsidies - if the government would establish very high tax rate on production or distribution of hydrogen then such business will not be profitable and fetching, in the opposite subsidies, hydrogen car, and low tax rate will, hydrogen car, cause supply increase by attracting investors.Government plays important role in the economics of hydrogen fuel cells. First of all government finances its own research programs on effective technologies of production, transportation and storage of hydrogen. By the way modern technologies allow quite affordable hydrogen, hydrogen car, production but the storage and transportation, hydrogen car, technologies are too expensive and it makes hydrogen not so attractive and perspective. In order to get new effective technologies government should stimulate commercial researchers and producers by instituting prizes, granting subsidies and lax credits, decreasing tax rates and providing discounts for them. In addition government can draw together the researchers and give them a basis for cooperation by organizing scientific conferences on the fuel, hydrogen car, issuer etc. Another way how a government can stimulate hydrogen research and application is by regulating tax rates on oil and gas production. High tax rate will cause a desire to use another energy sources and consequent research programs. Low tax rates will make no difference to energy producers so far.Burning hydrogen is considered to be ecologically clean but its production is concerned with atmospheric pollution and this in turn requires regulation on governmental and legal basis, in other words, the allowed pollution amounts must be determined by the international law. In addition, the world community is not aware of all effects of burning and producing hydrogen processes and future researches may reveal new facts of pollution or other harmful effects and thus the law should make certain restrictions and limitations in accordance to which hydrogen producers are subjects to licensing and active government regulation.Aaron Schwartz is a writer at Custom Essays Writing Network. He is an experienced writer of custom essays and will be glad to share his experience with you.
Source: articleage.com
Hydrogen is the most perspective, hydrogen car, energy source to be used in future probably and thus economics of hydrogen fuel cells is quite an important issue today. This paper targets the above issue and considers the following aspects: opportunity cost factors, supply and demand, role of government and impact on USA taxes concerned with economics of hydrogen fuel cells. United States of America is the largest energy consumer in the world - it spent hundreds billion dollars on oil production and consumption,, hydrogen car, research and innovation in order to provide energy supply for the nation. But this money could be spent for the rapid research of hydrogen fuel cells and possibly give a good result in the form of cheap and effective technologies. This is an example of opportunity cost or the cost of a forgone, hydrogen car, opportunity. Of course it is very difficult to make a more or less, hydrogen car, precise assessment of the opportunity cost concerning the oil and hydrogen energy sources in financial terms and that is why such, hydrogen car, assessment is not used in economics. But why is opportunity cost issue is so important and why it is raised ultimately? To answer these questions it is necessary to understand that growing needs of our society can not be satisfied because of lack of resources. Modern technologies allow to produce energy by extracting oil from the deepest, hydrogen car, entrails and of course such production, hydrogen car, is more expensive. Despite of growing prices on energy the demand grows also and increased demand increases prices even more. One day most people just could not afford using oil as a primary source of energy and it, hydrogen car, will result in economic crisis if another energy sources would not be mastered. For this reason scientists search new energy sources taking into consideration its price, availability and cleanness. Demand on one or another energy source depends on consumers' income, tastes, wealth, inflationary expectations and future expectations. It means that hydrogen will be purchased only by those people who can afford it, who like it (from the point of ecology, convenience, prevalence etc), who need it (e.g. to fill up a car powered by hydrogen) etc. If there would be, hydrogen car, a clear and marked trend to use hydrogen as the energy of future the demand would also increase because people would buy hydrogen powered cars and need fuel. Supply of hydrogen is affected by the following non-price factors: availability of resources and production techniques - if technology would be not too expensive but effective and based on the resources which are available in abundance then supply will be significant and vice versa; taxes and subsidies - if the government would establish very high tax rate on production or distribution of hydrogen then such business will not be profitable and fetching, in the opposite subsidies, hydrogen car, and low tax rate will, hydrogen car, cause supply increase by attracting investors.Government plays important role in the economics of hydrogen fuel cells. First of all government finances its own research programs on effective technologies of production, transportation and storage of hydrogen. By the way modern technologies allow quite affordable hydrogen, hydrogen car, production but the storage and transportation, hydrogen car, technologies are too expensive and it makes hydrogen not so attractive and perspective. In order to get new effective technologies government should stimulate commercial researchers and producers by instituting prizes, granting subsidies and lax credits, decreasing tax rates and providing discounts for them. In addition government can draw together the researchers and give them a basis for cooperation by organizing scientific conferences on the fuel, hydrogen car, issuer etc. Another way how a government can stimulate hydrogen research and application is by regulating tax rates on oil and gas production. High tax rate will cause a desire to use another energy sources and consequent research programs. Low tax rates will make no difference to energy producers so far.Burning hydrogen is considered to be ecologically clean but its production is concerned with atmospheric pollution and this in turn requires regulation on governmental and legal basis, in other words, the allowed pollution amounts must be determined by the international law. In addition, the world community is not aware of all effects of burning and producing hydrogen processes and future researches may reveal new facts of pollution or other harmful effects and thus the law should make certain restrictions and limitations in accordance to which hydrogen producers are subjects to licensing and active government regulation.Aaron Schwartz is a writer at Custom Essays Writing Network. He is an experienced writer of custom essays and will be glad to share his experience with you.
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